This comprehensive text is primarily designed to serve as a textbook for various courses offered by the university and educational institutions in computer science information technology and other related areas. Therefore, it is extremely useful for the students of BCA, DCA, BBM, B.Sc., B.Tech., PGDCA, MCA, M.Sc (CS), M.Sc.(IT), MBA, PGDIT, DOEACC 'O' level etc. Practicing professionals and researchs will also find it useful as reference book.